Jail-bar and similar composite metal object.



PATENTBD MAR. 19,1907.

'F. E. GANDA.

JAIL BAR AND SIMILAR COMPOSITE METAL OBJBGT.

Z SHEETS-$HEET 1 INVENTOH APPLI GAIION FILED APR. 27 \906.

PATENTBD MAR. 19, 1907.

} F. E. GANDA. v "J-AIL BAR AND SIMILAR COMPOSITE METAL OBJECT.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 27, 190.6.

2 SHEETS-SHEET INVENTOH W WITNESSES I am? MM A77'OHNEYS/67 UNITED spar eornron.

FERDIlSlAND E. CANDA, or NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR-TO CHROME STEELWORKS, or CHROME, NEW JERSEY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW f. JAIL-BAR ANDSIMELAR comeosrrs METAL censor.

memes v To all whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I FERDINAND E. Canon,

. a, citizen of-the United States, residing at J New York, county of NewYork, and State of 5- New York, have invented certain new and usefulGompositeMetal Objects; and I do "hereby declare the following to be afull, lear, and. "xactj description of the same,

ch willfenableothers skilledin' the art tov l pcrtains to make and usethe;

' myention relates to' jailebars and M arbom-positeysteel objects, andconsists fa hat-comprising a luralityof hard-steel odsLor'pores, pro eraly tempered, located tgsalientpoints in the bar, surrounded byandgnsually-completely welded into a mass of ofterste'el forming thebody of the bar. *Suc .-.,ars-ofer many advantages. There 'singnothing'to indicate from the outside hefiistributi'on of hard and softbodies of etal in the interior of the bar and the hard b dies beingthoroughlyinterspersed through v hegsoft 'motal, itis exceedinglydifficult, if

j impossible; to bore or cut through the while-owing to the fact that inthe process oastip'ggthe molten soft steel completely ni elops 'e'acf-pfthe hard-steel bars of the esnltingingot, these hard-steel bars beingvertheless of-v-re'latively small masses com' ar d With-the massofthe'molten'metal, itis; vely'easy toobtain a perfect. welding of wogrades-ofsteel. 1 f '-.-1 i ly fyention-consist's in a metal. bar comgiaplurality of h'ard metal rods or essmypunded by and preferably weldedmassot softer metal constituting the bold, ofs'the bar and throughoutwhich said inst-8: cores are distributed.

. e Objects of my invention are'to improve I similar composite metalarticles, ojreducethe difiicultyand cost of producing e-,; sfame,toins'ureperfect welding of the kinds of metal, to insure good finalityof at t a center, and to prevent eparture tiaejhargbmetal cores from thepredeterdrelative arrangement duringthe work- "thef ingots, and toincreasev the diflioiiboring i cutting throughbars such\ now roceed todescribe my 'mven-y 'thf-re "erence to the accompanying "inavhichcertain forms of com os-.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 27, 1906. Serial No. 314,032.

as in the ingot when first cast.

cores in such bars.

callyan impossibility to out it;

' sniba y ngaljnrn nfion are 1 s.

, Patented March 19, 1907.

in rodu'cing the same.

11 the said drawings, Fl

trated, also apparatus suchas may be used v ure 1 shows atop. View, andFig. 2 a vertioa longitudinal secparatory tovpoiiring. Fig. 4 shows atrans- 1 verse section of a completed ingotfor making fiat bar,illustrllting the arrangement of the hard cores after the casting; andFig. 5 shows a s milar section of the same ingot after it has beenrolled down to the final bar, showing how the hard-steel cores preservein the line product substantially the same arrangement Fig. 6 shows atransversesection of an ingot such as may be used for round bars, andFig.7 shows the same after it has been rolled down. i Fig. 8 shows asection of a square bar, illustrating the preferred arrangement ofhard-steel 4 Fig. 9 shows a sheaf of rods as used in a ertical mold.Fig. 1 10 shows a vertical section of a vertical ingotmold with a sheafofhard-steel rods therein prepared for casting and illustrates how saidrods may beheld in place in such a mold during thecas't in'g. Fig. 11shows a transverse seotion'aof an ingot for making angles,

and Fig.12-"a section of the completed angleshowing sections of completebar said v bars consist of a mass of soft steel'l, through which areinterspersed at re ular intervals hard-steel rods or cores 2', wel ed tothe mass of soft steel, so as to constitute therewith a unitary mass ofmetal. I aim to .so distrih-'- ute these hard-steel cores 2 that'whiletheir mass relative to that of the soft steel is small the spacesbetween them are too small to permit the passage between them of a and aperson attempting 4 to drill or out through them will hepracticallcertain to encountenat least o'ne,and

drill of effective size,

pro ably more, of the hard-steel bars early .in the work. The diflicultyof making a tool cut the hard-.and preferably tempered steel is wellrecognized. Indeed, if such steel be properly hardened or'tempered it ispracti:

In thecase of square and flat shown in Figs. 4, 5, and; 8, i preferablylocate I bars, as

- approximation to ageometrical figure near the central portion of thebar and place other cores in the corners of the bar, all of said coresbeing so spaced that the distance between the several bars issubstantially the same and ver small. in the case of round bars, asshown in l inst and 7, I commonly arrange the cores 2' in a circle. Bymeans as hereinafter described I am able to preserve the oriL'inalrelative arrangement of these cores dhring the working down from theingot to the finished article. Figs; 1, 2, and 3 illustrate one form ofmold which may be'used in casting ingots for these bars, the iartioularform of mold shown being adapted ior casting ingots for llat bars, suchas shown in Fig. 4.

Numeral 3 designates the ordinary flask, 4 the sand'tilling thereof, and5 and 6 sand cores at the ends, of the. mold-space, said coreshavinginthem sockets for the reception of the ends of the hard-steelrods 2 and core 5 having also runners and gates for the introduction oithe molten metal. tice I assemble a plurality of these molds one uponthe other after first placing the rods 2 in place therein; the runners 7of all the molds in communication, and so pour a whole pile ofniolds atonce. However, this is an unessential detail of the process, adoptedmerely for convenience. it is 0l)Vio-.tsl} possible'to pour the moldssingly.

Instead of using a horizontal sand mold, as in F igs, 1 and .2, i mayuse an ordinary metal ingot-mold 9, as shown in Fig. 10, said moldplaced upright, as is customary, upon the pouring-table S. In such casethe bars 2 are assembled and held in their proper relative posit ions byframe-plates 10, which may be simply plates of boiler-iron punched withholes properly arrahgcd to receive the rods 2. In such a case the sheafof rods for each mold will be assembled by means of their plateslt)before placingthem in the mold, and then the entire sheal' will beplaced in the mold as a single article. \Yhatever be the type of moldemployed and whatever the arrangement of the. rods 2 therein the moltenmetal when it llows into the mold immediately surrounds all of the rods2, and becauseot' its high temperature (the meltingioint of lowcarboiror soft steel is higher t ian that of high carbon or hard steel)and the pressure produced by solidilicat ion and contract-ion in coolingwill weld perfect ly lo the rods .Z ,welding the -entire ingot into a.unitary mass. This welding is greatly facilitated the relatively smallmasso'f the rods 2 as compared with that of the cast metal and by thefact that the molten metal surrounds all parts of the rods 2. Altercasting; the ingot lroduced. (first reheated or sulunitt'cd to a soakingheat, it necessary) is worked between rolls in a press by drawingtlurough a In pracha tens the sohdilicat ion of the molten metal met al.

die or in any other suitable or convenient manner to reduce the ingot.to linal form, This working helps to perfect the welds it" h chance anybe defective and also condenses the metal, removing all porosity andpiping. Because the rods 2 are welded to the Soil steel they are boundto extend unii'ormi'v,

with it and to preserve substantially their original relative relationand approximately their original form even in the tinal product. Afterworking and after such machinc-work, if any, as may be required has beendone upon the bars they are hardened or tempered in the well-known wayand are thormthcr substantially proof against the action oi tools. L

In cases where the ingot contains at the center a large massof castmetal excc re piping tends to occur unless means be taken to prevent,due to the metal solidifying first at the outside (and this outersolidification is hastened by the relatively cool rods 2 near theoutside) and then tearing apart the metal at the center as itsolidifies, and ii an iiigot having large cavities in its center beworked there ma (be distortion of the rods 3 or change 0 their relativearrangement. To obviate this,':in such cases I introduce in the centralportion of the ingot-mold a rodoi' bar 11, preferably of soft steel orwrought-non. This bar 11 iill's the center of the ingot, insuring a goodqualiti of metal there, and. also near the center oi the ingot, thus soreducing); the trouble from piping that in practice no trouble isexperienced, and the metal in the finished bar is dense throughout. andthe bars 2 preserve their original I clative a rranpgement.

i. do not claiinthc process olforming the compound jail-bars or olhcrarticles brain described in this case, a such process is claimed inanother application in]: Lott-rs Patent tiled February in. ltiUT, Seriali' z'o. 357,853.

What I claim is-- 1., As an'article of manufacture, a composite metalobject comprising; a body of metal of one degreeof hardness aniriiigirrterspersed through it, a plurality cl cores of metal of a differentdegree of ll:!1'tll?(. each conipletelysurrounded by the to. stun-emtoned 2. As an article oiimaimfacture, a com posite steel objectcomprising a mass of soft steel ha ving interspersed through itsinterior, a plurality of cores of harder rcl caeh com pletely surroundedby the salt steel.

3 As 'aa'articie oi" manuhnrturc, a com po'site metal object comprisingbody of metal of one degree of hardness having} in terspcrsed throughit, a plurality oirores of metal of a different degree of hardness, eachcompletely surrounded bvtho lirst mentioned metal and'weided thereto.

ice

spersed through it; al Ufa 4. As an'articlc of manufacture, a compositesteelobjectcOinprising amass of soft steel havinginterspersed throughits interior,

plurality of cores of, harder steel each com.- pictely surrounded by thesoft steel and welded thereto. L 1

'5. As an article (of manufacture, a composite metal object comprisingabody of metal of one degree f-hardness having interspersed through it,a plurality of cores of metal approximately o; tlininga'closed figure including the centralportion of said object. As an article of.mamlfacture,a com? posite steel object comprising a mass of soft steel havinginterspersed a closed figure including the central portion ofsaidobject.

pcsite metal object comprisingwbod of metal of one degree of hardnesssaidbo y of polygonal section, and havinginterspersed through it, aplurality of cores of metal of a different degree of hardness togetherapproximatelyoutlining a closed figure includ ing the centralportion.ofsaidobject, and other cores located in th corners outside ofthaligureso outlined; i

8: As an article'of manufacture;-acorn posite metal "ject comprising a'solj't-est'eel body of polygonal sectioinf l ly 1 of a different degreeof hardness and through its ir1'terior;

, a plurality of cores. of harder steel and apclosed figureinclu hamamercores of.'

[ hard steel together approximately outlining i a closed figureincluding the l of said object, and l cated in the l outlined. 4

'9. As an article of manufacture, a jail-bar comprising a soft-steel barhaving interspersed through its interior, a plurality of cores of hardersteel each completely surrounded by the soft steel. 10. As an article ofmanufacture, a j ail-bar comprising a soft-steel bar having interspersedthrough its interior, a cores of harder steel each completely surroundedby the'soft steel, but placed close together" and approximatelyoutlining :1 'ng the central portion of central portion other.hard-steel cores lothe' bar.

v I 1 1. anarticle of manufacture, ajail-bar 7. As an article ofmanufacture;"a'com comprising a soft-steel bar of polygonal ,sec

surrounded. by the softer metal, but placed close together andapproximately outlining a closed figure including the central portion ofahe bar, and other cores in the corners of the ar.

corners outside of the figure so p l plurality of tion, havinginterspersed throug 1 its interior, a plurality of hard-steel cores eachcompletely y In testimony whereof I alhx my signature,

in the'presence of two Witnesses.

' :IF'ERDINAND ESCANDA.

Witnesses: v p A rHo sE KLon,

MnM RBL

